Can Israel let go of its turbulent past?
By Abir Sarras / 16-01-2009
Avraham Burg, a former Israeli politician, has again stirred up discussion and self-reflection in Jewish communities with his second book titled: The Holocaust is over; we must rise from its ashes. He argues that while the memory of the Holocaust must be kept alive, Israel has been using it as a "political tool".
The trauma that Jewish people experienced more than 60 years ago still haunts Israeli society today and remains evident in its rhetoric, irrespective of whether people actually experienced the Holocaust themselves, believes to Mr Burg.
According to Mr Burg,
"It's fine to remember the Holocaust, it's sacred to sanctify the Holocaust, but we can not make it a political tool which excuses everything... It is about time to think, maybe not yet do; to slowly but surely move from trauma to trust".
Reflecting on his own society, Mr Burg suggests that the ongoing trauma has made Israel a frightened society in a permanent state of paranoia, leading to an over-forceful use of the military such as in the current Cast Lead Operation in Gaza.
Copy and paste
It is almost impossible to go about your own life in Israel without being reminded of the Holocaust. Mr Burg says that the collective and personal traumas should be respected; the state on the other hand must not pass it on to younger generations. Drawing from his own experience, Mr Burg explains how he thinks the government "copies" trauma and "pastes" it on to new generations. The Israeli Ministry of Education sends all high school students to visit the concentration camps in Eastern Europe.
Mr Burg tells RNW:
"I have six children, most went on the annual 11th-grade trip to Auschwitz. With the first five children I failed, but with the sixth child I succeeded. I told them it is wrong to go. As traumatic as it was, and as important a chapter in our history as it is, you are too young, even before entering [mandatory e.d.] military service. I see it as a sort of emotional manipulation".
Instead, Mr Burg suggests that the ministry promotes a wider perspective allowing Arab and Israeli youngsters to visit Spain to learn about previous coexistence between Judaism and Islam. Then they can find out about the suffering of Jewish communities in Europe as well as learning about what he calls the "tragedy" the Palestinians are living today.
Never again
Politicians on both sides know the only solution between Palestinians and Israelis should include returning to the 1967 boundaries, dismantling most of the Israeli settlements, and establishing an exchange programme for refugees, Mr Burg explains. But the solution is not only political, he adds.
Instead he offers a humanistic approach to resolving the conflict. The words "Never Again" should not only refer to the Jewish trauma, but also to all suffering, Palestinian as well as Jewish.
Mr Burg says:
"What characterises the Middle East conflict in the past 60 years is that there is a competition of traumas. And the wisdom of leadership is not to intensify the trauma and ignite more fire, but to sit down and say yes you have a trauma and I respect it. I will come to that the day after tomorrow, because tomorrow we must worry about a better future, not fight about a better past".
The messenger
Critics of Mr Burg accuse him of a lack of empathy with the Israeli experience.
Avraham Burg
This is not the first time he has published views considered controversial in Israeli society. In 2003 he published an article called: The end of Zionism in which he wrote:
"Israel, having ceased to care about the children of the Palestinians, should not be surprised when they come washed in hatred and blow themselves up in the centres of Israeli escapism".
With his new book on the Holocaust, Mr Burg says it is not the message that is so controversial as much as it is the messenger himself. As a previous member and speaker of the Israeli Knesset, head of the Jewish Agency, and candidate to lead the Labour party, Burg is a well-respected, leading politician in Israel. He also served for a short period as interim President of Israel when president Ezer Weizman resigned. In 2003, he left politics protesting the lack of vision and direction for the future of Israel. Since then he has published two books analysing the factors that have made Israeli society what it is now.
------------------
+
Meanwhile another school was attacked:
Gaza strikes ahead of truce vote
Israel's military has carried out 50 air strikes in Gaza overnight as its cabinet prepares to vote on a proposal for a unilateral ceasefire.
Palestinians say a tank shell hit a UN school in northern Gaza, killing at least two people sheltering there. Israel says it is checking the report.
The UN Relief and Works Agency (Unrwa) said Israel's actions in Gaza should be investigated as possible war crimes.
Hamas said it would ignore any truce if its conditions were not met.
A spokesman for the militant group, Osama Abu Hemdan, told AFP news agency: "As long as it [the Israeli military] remains in Gaza, resistance and confrontation will continue."
Israeli warplanes renewed bombing raids on Gaza just before dawn on Saturday, with heavy explosions south of Gaza City.
United Nations officials say two children, aged five and seven, were killed when Israeli tank fire hit a UN school where hundreds had taken shelter in the northern town of Beit Lahiya.
A spokesman for Unrwa in Gaza, Chris Gunness, said: "There has to be an investigation to determine whether a war crime has been committed."
This is not the first time the UN has talked about war crimes in Gaza.
Earlier this month, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said some Israeli actions reported in Gaza might warrant prosecutions for war crimes.
Israel's security cabinet will vote on Saturday evening on whether to declare a ceasefire, after its government said it thought "significant progress" had been made at talks with Egyptian mediators in Cairo.
Under the Egyptian proposal, fighting would stop immediately for 10 days and Israeli forces would remain in Gaza while the border crossings into the territory would remain closed.
Rocket attacks
For its part, Egypt would, with international help, try to shut down weapons smuggling routes on its boundary with Gaza and discussions on opening the crossings would take place at a later date.
Hamas insists any ceasefire must involve Israeli troops withdrawing from Gaza and an immediate lifting of the Israeli blockade. Hamas officials are expected to attend further talks on Saturday in Cairo.
Israeli government spokesman Mark Regev earlier told the BBC he thought Israel may have achieved enough in its three-week offensive to allow a ceasefire.
"I think we're seeing the pieces of the puzzle fall into place and we see the foundations for what we see as a long-term calm in the south," he said.
But on Friday Palestinian militants in Gaza reportedly fired more than 15 rockets at southern Israel, leaving five Israelis wounded.
Israel's main objective in Operation Cast Lead is to end Gaza militants' ability to fire rockets at Israel and stop them smuggling through tunnels from Egypt.
US-Israel deal
On Friday, Israel and the US signed a deal in Washington that calls for expanded intelligence co-operation between their two countries to prevent Hamas smuggling arms into Gaza if a ceasefire is implemented.
Under the agreement, the US will provide detection and surveillance equipment, as well as logistical help and training to Israel, Egypt and other nations for monitoring Gaza's land and sea boundaries.
In the US capital, Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni said Israel would have to suspend any ceasefire if Hamas continued to fire rockets.
The Palestinian health ministry in Gaza has told the BBC that 1,193 people have been killed, including 410 children and 108 women since the conflict began on 27 December.
There were 5,300 people wounded, including 1,600 children, the ministry said.
Thirteen Israelis, mostly soldiers, have been killed during the campaign.
On Friday night, the UN General Assembly in New York overwhelmingly passed a resolution calling for an immediate and durable ceasefire in Gaza, leading to a full withdrawal of Israeli troops.
The BBC's Christian Fraser in southern Gaza says the situation for Palestinian families there is tough, with food and electricity supplies limited and no running water.
He says in the skies above can be heard the scream of F-16 jets circling for their next targets.