This year, Mr. Kaczynski’s party toned down its message. It put together an agenda that proved popular with voters, including cheaper housing and higher benefits for families with children, funded by new taxes on mostly foreign-owned supermarkets and banks. Those proposals sparked fears among economists that Poland would boost deficits and scare off foreign investors, concerns the party has said were overblown.
The party wants to stand up to
Vladimir Putin’s Russia and be less politically aligned with Poland’s largest trading partner, Germany. Relations were sour with both countries when Mr. Kaczynski’s party ruled previously.
Despite an appearance of deep divisions, both the outgoing ruling camp and the incoming nationalists want a big role for the government in the economy and have kept the largest industrial companies under state control. They want coal-rich Poland to continue burning the resource, opposing the European Union’s goals for cutting carbon-dioxide emissions. They don’t see the euro replacing the zloty anytime soon.
Poland has been a relative economic success. On Civic Platform’s watch, the country’s economy grew by nearly a quarter from 2008, while Europe’s was stagnant.
Yet Civic Platform is also responsible for years of delays in the completion of highways. Some sections still under construction were supposed to be ready ahead of the UEFA European Championship soccer tournament in 2012, which Poland co-hosted with Ukraine, but still aren’t complete.
Scandals within the party’s ranks have also taken a toll. Last year’s leaked recordings have eroded trust in the government and forced many of the officials involved to leave politics. Polish authorities are conducting an investigation into who ordered the recordings to be made.
Low wages in the EU’s largest emerging economy have also featured heavily in the election campaign, having contributed to the migration of more than two million people out of the country to the more affluent west of Europe since it joined the bloc in 2004.
Unemployment was at 9.7% in September, below the European average, but the average take-home pay was the equivalent of just $750 a month. Most parties want a higher minimum wage and have urged businesses to innovate rather than rely on cheap labor and a mostly undervalued zloty to export goods, more than half of which go to the eurozone. Poland is a key supplier to Germany but has few brands of its own that are internationally recognizable.