Google translated Dutch article on the three mighty friends of the Taliban:
China
Stability is a priority for China. The country shares a 76-kilometer border with Afghanistan. On a map that seems negligible, but it is exactly in Xinjiang province. The Uyghurs, an oppressed Muslim minority, live there. China wants to prevent Uyghur extremist movements or sympathizers from becoming active in that border region at all costs.
"China is very much into realistic politics," said geopolitics expert Isa Yusibov. "They don't care who is in power, they don't want unrest in their region." China knows that if they want to get anything done from the Taliban, they have to build ties with the movement. Months before the Taliban took power, political leader Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar was visiting China to discuss the future relationship.
Because it is not only politically for China to gain something in Afghanistan. "The country is rich in raw materials and precious metals. Because it is so unstable and the Americans were there, it has never been attractive for China to invest. But that may now change," says Yusibov. China would like to connect Afghanistan to the new Silk Road, a network of roads, railways and ports between China, Europe and Africa. But this also requires stability. Whether the Taliban can deliver that, China is still waiting quietly.
Russia
No panic, chaos or evacuations at the Russian embassy in Kabul. No, Russian diplomats are quietly working on Daluraman Road. The embassy is secured by the Taliban. “When President Obama announced in 2014 that he wanted to withdraw US troops from Afghanistan, Russia knew the Taliban would return,” Yusibov said. "That is why there have been talks from Moscow with representatives of the extremist movement for years." Russia has a clear goal: to prevent Afghanistan from becoming an exporter of Islamic terrorism again.
Between Afghanistan and Russia lie the five stans: the Central Asian countries that make up Russia's backyard. "Russia wants to make sure that extremism doesn't get a foothold there, because that could potentially blow over to Moscow," Yusibov said. Extremist movements are active in the former Soviet states and occasionally carry out attacks. Russia is therefore trying to be an ally, even though the Taliban are officially on the Russian list of terrorist movements.
"In addition, Russia wants to maintain its influence in these countries," Yusibov said. “The authoritarian leaders in the Central Asian countries have been pleased in recent years with the American presence, which has suppressed extremism in the region. With the Americans leaving and the Taliban coming to power, Putin says, come back to us, we will take care of you."
Pakistan
There were cheers in the Pakistani capital Islamabad as the Taliban drove into Kabul. In several Pakistani cities, like-minded people handed out sweets to passers-by. "It is a befriended regime and it always has been," says South Asia specialist Olivier Immig. "Pakistan helped establish the Taliban as early as 1994." Since then, they have been supporting the Taliban, openly and secretly, through the powerful Pakistani intelligence agency.
Taliban fighters have been trained in Pakistan, the country acts as a refuge for leaders and weapons and money are sent across the border. However, the alliance is not entirely without concerns. "Pakistan itself has many extreme groups and the fear is that the victory of the Taliban will stir them up and that this will lead to more unrest and violence in Pakistan," Immig said.
It is not only ethnic and religious affiliation that plays a role in the relationship between Pakistan and the Taliban. Neighboring country and arch-enemy India is also an important factor. In recent years, the Indian government has invested heavily in a good relationship with President Ghani's government in order to expand its influence in Afghanistan.
"Pakistan wants to prevent Afghanistan from coming into the Indian sphere of influence. Should there ever be another war between India and Pakistan, which many in Pakistan believe was a real option for a long time, then a friendly regime in Kabul is of strategic importance," says Immig. India never wanted anything to do with the Taliban. Now that the extremist group has seized power, India's role appears to be diminishing, at least for the time being.