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Viewpoints: German nuclear shutdown
Continue reading the main story Related StoriesGerman nuclear plants to be shut
Germany's decision to close all its nuclear power plants by 2022 may affect the industry across Europe. Switzerland is also phasing out nuclear energy but the UK has proposed new nuclear power stations, entirely funded by the private sector.
Will Germany's decision lead to an international debate for more renewable sources of energy, or is this an internal German development, unlikely to have an impact elsewhere?
Here, speaking to the BBC World Service, British nuclear power advocate Malcolm Grimston argues about the impact with green energy campaigner Jeremy Leggett.
Malcolm Grimston, Chatham House research fellow in nuclear issues, and adviser to the UK government on nuclear policy
Continue reading the main story “Start QuoteTo be closing down nuclear plants rather than coal plants is, I think, just environmental vandalism”
End Quote
This is not necessarily damaging for the nuclear industry. I think this will create new export opportunities for the French nuclear industry in Germany. The Czech Republic will be another source of the replacement imports. Most of that will be as a result of coal but the Czech Republic itself has a vigorous new nuclear programme. So this does create a new market for nuclear electricity and, as long as that is what has happened, then the environment will not be damaged.
I think the real concern is that last year we had more carbon dioxide emissions than ever before. To have a major European economy inevitably saddling itself with more greenhouse gas emissions - the German Greens are openly talking about building more gas-powered plants and supporting the new coal-fired plants that are being brought online - is, I think, going to be a tragedy for the environment, and I don't think it's going to be good for the German economy.
There is plenty of time for the Germans to reverse their decision. We have seen many flip-flops in German opinion already. The economy there is already very severely crippled by its enormous renewable subsidies and, of course, in hot weather the wind farms tend not to work at all. In Germany they had about 1.5% output for three weeks in 2003 because of the heat.
Having said that, I hope we can get further with renewables and with energy efficiency. Energy efficiency tends not to cut energy use, it boosts economic output. These are all things we have to approach but to be closing down nuclear plants rather than coal plants is, I think, just environmental vandalism.
Jeremy Leggett, green energy campaigner and owner of a renewable energy company
Continue reading the main story “Start QuoteIn the long run, nuclear power does not really help that much with greenhouse gas emissions”
End Quote
I think the German decision is a very encouraging development and I would be very bullish about what will happen in the train of it. On the subject of French nuclear electricity, Electricite de France have already warned that this summer most of their nuclear power plants, the ones inland, are going to be stressed because we have had such a dry spring. The rivers are low, there is not enough cooling water, so they have put on watch the coastal reactors that will not be able to have scheduled maintenance. And they have flagged that they may be needing to import electricity from other countries as a result of the innate weaknesses of the French nuclear plants.
Another factor is that there is a review going on of all the nuclear plants in France. They are going to be looking in detail at the safety and reliability aspects of those plants and who knows what they are going to find when we look under those carpets? In America right now, the nuclear regulatory authority is going through the same exercise. They have found problems in every plant they have looked at. So this is an ailing industry.
I think, in the wake of the German decision, we will see the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries showing what they are capable of.
In the long run, nuclear power does not really help that much with greenhouse gas emissions. The way you deal with that problem is by accelerating energy efficiency and renewables, and that is what this decision is going to do.
Japan is shutting down 38 nuclear reactors. I have just come back from there. It is pretty dim at night. They are turning down the lights, they are trying to stave off these rolling power cuts they would have to have because so many plants are being shut down. But they are finding in many areas that they do not need the rolling power cuts because when people turn their minds to energy efficiency, they can do incredible things.
Pedro Passos Coelho (L) leader of the center-right Social Democrat Party, PSD, is received by Portugal's President Anibal Cavaco Silva, June 6, 2011, at Belem presidential palace in Lisbon
The new conservative prime minister is expected to slash public spending and privatize state industries, in an effort to try to tamp down Portugal's spiraling debt crisis and prevent it from being a further drain on Europe.
Supporters of the center-right Social Democrats are celebrating in the streets of Lisbon. The Social Democrats ousted Portugal's ruling Socialist Party and are expected to form a new coalition government.
That new government will be tasked with implementing austerity measures tied to a more than $114 billion bailout from the European Union and International Monetary Fund.
The man tasked with leading Portugal into this new age of austerity is the leader of the Social Democrats, Pedro Passos Coelho. He is a former businessman who has never held public office. But he says he wants to try to help Portugal earn back the trust of investors.
"I hope that the new step we are beginning now, could be the first step to a new hope for Portugal, to have a new credibility outside Portugal, and to restore confidence in the markets," said Coelho.
The incumbent prime minister, Jose Socrates, admitted defeat and said he would also resign as his party's leader.
Portugal's Socialists are the latest ruling party to suffer at the polls, as high unemployment and public debt sweep southern Europe. Three weeks ago, the ruling Socialist Party in neighboring Spain lost control of many municipalities it long considered strongholds, and is forecast to lose control of Spain's parliament in elections next year.
Portugal is one of three eurozone economies to seek EU bailouts. Greece and Ireland also have suffered political backlash from their constituents.
Iain Begg, a Europe economist at London's Chatham House, says Portugal's election results are in line with what has happened across Europe. Governments in power during the economic crisis have been blamed for it.
"The government that's getting the blame for it is the one that's being kicked out, and the government that's now doing the difficult task, it's hoping that it will be re-elected because it's confronted the problem," said Begg. "So we see volatile politics across much of Europe."
There is some optimism in Portugal, at least among Mr. Coelho's supporters, that a new government might improve conditions for citizens struggling with rising costs and stagnant wages. This voter says she is happy about electoral change.
"I'm so happy," said a Coelho supporter. "I'm so proud for Portugal and for this voting. It's everything we needed right now. I'm so, so happy."
But Begg says Portugal's new Social Democratic-led government can expect huge challenges ahead.
"A long slog. They have to collect the balance of payments deficit, they have to correct the public sector accounts deficit, and they have to make sure that the structural reforms, the long-term supply -side reforms, are on track," said Begg. "All of that simultaneously - which is never easy when the economy is not growing."
Begg says Mr. Coelho would do well to try to implement austerity measures as quickly as possible.
"A government coming into power has the mandate to make the hard decisions quickly," Begg added. "They say, 'Let's get all the bad news out of the way so that when it comes around to our re-election period, it will be forgotten. We will have already made the hard choices.'"
Mr. Coelho has promised to privatize some Portuguese state industries and scale back infrastructure projects, such as plans for a new high-speed railway.
Perun said:I like how Portugal's Social Democrats are considered conservative.
bearfan said:I wonder how much Germans will care for higher energy rates and/or coal/gas plants that will replace these. It seems like a very shortsighted move to me.
Ranko said:Actually, some of the materials being researched - the so-called third generation photovoltaic materials, which will come into usage in 5-10 years time - are promising to offer efficiencies equal to those that the first generation materials offer, but at a much lower price, so that power prices will be equal to those offered by conventional sources, "grid parity". (The second generation materials offer low cost but also a low efficiency.)
Perun said:Well, bearfan, it's not like they're taking the plants off line tomorrow. It's a time frame of 11 years till 2022. Precisely because alternative energy sources must exist by then.
But it's also not like Germany is running at the limits of its energy capacities at the moment. There is far more energy produced than is actually required. Several nuclear plants have been shut down right after Fukushima, and the effects were nil.
LooseCannon said:It's something that every other modern nation should commit to doing, because otherwise, we risk falling behind. The Germans are using Fukashima as their impetus, but it's not the real reason. The real reason is to find a reason to be great again, to give an entire economy a purpose.
Perun said:I like how Portugal's Social Democrats are considered conservative.
Paris (CNN) -- Flamboyant fashion designer John Galliano went on trial Wednesday, accused of making anti-Semitic comments against at least three people in a Paris cafe.
Galliano, who was fired by fashion giant Christian Dior in March after video surfaced showing him praising Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler, testified Wednesday that drugs were to blame.
Judge Anne-Marie Sauteraud read out a list of the abuse Galliano is accused of hurling at Geraldine Bloch and Philippe Virgitti, including obscenities mixed with remarks about their ethnic backgrounds.
"He said 'dirty whore' at least a thousand times," the judge said.
Galliano said on the witness stand that he had no memory of making the comments.
Asked to explain his "lack of memory," he said: "I have an addiction. I am currently undergoing treatment."