The "Birther" movement claims that US President Barack Obama is not a natural-born American citizen, which would make him ineligible for the position he currently occupies. The name "Birther" comes from the fact that they believe his birth certificate to be a forgery, and that his real birth certificate (which he is supposedly hiding) proves that he was born in Kenya/Indonesia/wherever. This rumor was started during the 2008 campaign by some of the angrier supporters of Hillary Rodham Clinton, who were upset that she was losing the Democratic primary to Obama, and was picked up by many on the far-right fringe after Obama was elected. In order for this claim to work, it would require either
a) planning by Them going back half a century (Honolulu newspapers reported his birth -
http://i478.photobucket.com/albums/rr147/spazeman/obama-birth.gif), in a time when the idea of a non-white President was laughable, as well as a lot of natural charm, brilliance and political success on the part of their supposed puppet to actually get elected 47 years later, or
b) Obama not only successfully forging his long-form birth certificate, but also fabricating those newspaper announcements, fabricating his college records, bribing immigration officials, and bribing or fooling election officials.
For the record, under current laws, anyone born to an American citizen is also a natural-born American citizen, no matter where this occurred. The President was born before this law was implemented, but even under the statutes he was born under, he only needs to spend a few years in the United States to claim natural-born citizenship; his academic record alone validates that claim. Some claim that being a natural-born citizen isn't enough — you must actually be born in the US to run for President. This is in spite of the fact that the Constitution does not make such a requirement, only requiring
a) either natural-born citizen status or being a citizen of the US at the time the constitution was ratified (the latter doesn't apply anymore, but it's why George Washington was allowed to be president despite not being a natural born citizen),
b) having lived in the US for fourteen years, and c) being at least 35 years old. Even if there were a "born on US soil" requirement, there is ample evidence confirming that Obama was born in Hawai'i.
One variation claims that, since Obama's father (a native of British Kenya) held British citizenship at the time of his son's birth, then Obama holds dual US and British citizenship, which they feel would make him ineligible even if he was a natural-born citizen. Problem is, there is nothing in the Constitution saying that dual citizenship makes a candidate ineligible, and even if there was, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution (which says "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside...") would override it. Other claims allege that Obama's mother had renounced her US citizenship and, by extension, her son's (she hadn't, and even if she did it wouldn't have affected Obama's status), that a trip by Obama to Pakistan in 1981 could only have been accomplished with a foreign passport due to an alleged ban on travel between the US and Pakistan (no such ban existed), and that Obama's enrollment in a school in Indonesia in his youth could only have been done if he wasn't a US citizen at the time (living outside the US as a minor, as ruled in
Perkins v. Elg, does not cause you to lose your citizenship).
Another variation claims that Obama being born in Hawaii means that he's not a natural-born citizen, the argument being that Hawaii is not legally part of the US, but rather, is an independent kingdom under US occupation — and therefore, nobody who was born there can claim natural-born US citizenship unless they meet one of the other requirements for it. The fact that Hawaii is as much a state as Ohio is lost on the people making this claim. And as shown above, he does meet the criteria.
Amusing bit of trivia — Obama's 2008 opponent, John McCain, was born in the Panama Canal Zone (or Panama itself, some believe), meaning that, by some variants on this theory, he too is ineligible to be President. Of course, this ignores the fact that his father was a serving US naval officer, stationed in Panama, which means that McCain automatically is a natural-born citizen (though retroactively; the laws allowing for this were only passed after he was born).
This issue also arose when George Romney, Governor of Michigan (and Mitt Romney's father) ran for President in 1968, since he was born in Mexico to American parents. However, Romney dropped out of the race before it became an issue.
Another amusing bit of trivia: their arguments have now been turned against them when Ted Cruz decided to run for president: Cruz was born in Canada. This has led to a lawsuit and a debate on what 'natural born citizen' means. (He's considered a US citizen because his mother was one when she gave birth to him, but the Constitution specifies that the president must be a 'natural born citizen'.)
One moderately well-known politician and statesman, Sir Winston Churchill, could legitimately have claimed US citizenship via an American-born mother. Would there have been such an uproar about his being born overseas had he tried standing for public office in the USA? And the British people were not in the least concerned by his being 50% foreign (actually, slightly less than 50%, since his father's mother was also an American)... the question never arose. Maybe more important things got in the way.
U.S. law at the time of the marriage of Churchill's parents would have resulted in the loss of his mother's U.S. citizenship. A 1963 U.S. law made him an "honorary" U.S. citizen.
Ironically, when the Birthers produced a birth certificate of their own claiming that Obama had been born in Kenya, it was found to be a forgery, due to several instances of shoddy research. For one, it listed his birthplace as "Mombasa, Republic of Kenya", even though a) in 1961, the year of Obama's birth, Mombasa was a part of Zanzibar, not Kenya, and b) Kenya was still a British colony at the time, not a republic. In addition, the format of the certificate bore no resemblance to that used in Kenya at the time. It was shown to be an altered version of a birth certificate issued in South Australia in 1959.
Similarly there's a badly photoshopped and anachronistic picture of a Columbia University I.D. that Obama supposedly used as a foreign student under the name "Barry Soetoro" (Soetoro is the last name of his stepfather).
Talking about Obama's birth some claim that he was born to unmarried parents or to put it crudely a bastard. Oddly enough most of the claims would make him a natural-born American as opposed to most of the birther claims. These include:
That Barack Obama, Senior, and Anne Dunham never married which has created similar demands to the birthers of "release the (wedding) certificate" from those who follow the theory.
Or that Obama Sr was a polygamist and already married when he married Dunham thus invalidating the marriage.
That he was born from an affair to Frank Marshall Davis because of some contact Davis had with Obama's family.
Or that Malcolm X (no really) fathered him and this is usually followed by claims that makes him a militant Angry Black Man.
An unrelated theory that some of Obama's more radical detractors maintain is the belief that he is secretly a Muslim who was educated in an Islamic madrassa (religious school), despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. (Extreme versions of this theory go so far as to say that he is a Muslim that has been "planted" in the White House by some government or radical group in the Middle East.) Among the evidence that proves otherwise is the fact that his wedding was conducted by a Protestant minister, his children were baptised by the same minister (and there were dozens of witnesses to both ceremonies) and there have been public events where he has eaten food (on camera) that is taboo to Islam. (Not to mention that he works on Ramadan and like most Democrats, publically supports gay marriage, both practically unheard of among Muslims.) In addition, the alleged "madrassa" in Indonesia that he attended was, in fact, a secular public elementary school.
Conversely, one theory claims that Obama is actually a closeted gay man who's secretly married to a Pakistani guy. Most of the "proof" for this theory comes from a 1990 article by the Harvard Law Revue, which is not a news magazine, but is in fact an
Onion-esque parody of the Harvard Law Review (which Obama was editor of at the time). How Obama could've been married to another man in 1990, fourteen years before Massachusetts legalized gay marriage (and eleven years before any country legalized same-sex marriage), goes unanswered.
A tamer rumor about Mr. Obama, circulated on websites like The Free Republic, American Thinker, and World Net Daily, is that educator and former radical Bill Ayers helped him write Dreams of My Father. There is no evidence to support this claim.
During Obama and Biden's 2008 campaign, people began to claim they were actually moles planted by Osama bin Laden. Why? Because when you put their names together (as they would be on campaign signs and the like), it looks a bit like "Osama bin Laden". Why bin Laden would call attention to the fact that he had the most powerful man in the world under his thumb... generally went unexplained.
Even First Lady Michelle Obama has been targeted by an outlandish claim. Some say that she ordered her husband's female aide (who supporters of this claim also say was his lover) banished to the Carribean. Everyone involved (including the aide herself) say this is false.
Then there's the other outlandish claim that Michelle was born a man and is transgender.
Then there are some really crazy ones about him, like how the late Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez funded his election campaign, or this claim that he's The Antichrist (connected to the one about him being a Muslim), or that he planned to start "youth re-education camps" (first suggested by Representative Michelle Bachmann), or even one that claims there was a hidden message in his acceptance speech at the 2008 Democratic National Convention telling America to "Serve Satan". (Probably thought up by a Led Zeppelin fan who believed a similar rumor about "Stairway to Heaven".) People never seem to get tired of thinking stuff like this up.
The craziest likely came from Larry Sinclair, a petty criminal specializing in forgery, who spread wild accusations via YouTube involving gay sex, drugs and possible murder committed by the President. At one point reporters apparently took Sinclair seriously enough to attend a press conference he gave, most remarkable for his lawyer's appearance in a kilt, which he explained was intended to secure comfort for his unusually large sexual organs. As he claimed, "Those at the other end of the spectrum find [pants] quite confining." (Reporters quickly stopped taking him seriously after that.)