Simple. China has the world's monopoly on rare earth trade. In 2010, 97% of the world's rare earth was produced in China. Moreover, Chinese companies are buying into foreign rare earth producing companies, or simply buying mines abroad, in countries like Zimbabwe or Zambia. And China has been acting as a monopolist, by shutting down its mines "for environmental reasons" and such. But whenever some other country tries to profit from its own rare earth resources, China can threaten to open the floodgates and drown all those profits again. Why are they doing this? To keep their monopoly intact, and hold onto one of its most important sources of income. Deng Xiaoping has said that rare earth is to China what petroleum is to Arabia. Australian and Canadian companies are looking into opening new mines, and both sides are struggling for depots in Greenland. Remember Hans Island?.