Younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, Maximilian was a promising Austro-Hungarian naval officer when he was recruited by false plebiscite to become the Emperor of Mexico in 1863. During this period Napoleon III had invaded Mexico. The US, distracted by the Civil War, had no choice but to allow the French Intervention. The French placed Maximilian on the throne, but after the Civil War ended, the USA began aiding the liberal resistors under Benito Juarez. Eventually the French withdrew so that Napoleon could prepare to face the Prussians; Maximilian was captured and executed in 1867.
I don't think we need to specify any more when we say artist that we mean it in the broadest sense - unless we actually need to talk of the Dali's/Constables/etc.
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