Re: USA Elections: Candidates Comparison
Wasted seizes on an interesting point. Among the regulations adopted in the wake of the Great Depression were requirements that commercial banks could no longer be affiliated with investment banks. The idea was that we didn't want the risk-taking investment bankers to have access to grandma's savings accounts. In 1999, that regulation was lifted, and since then, a number of commercial banks have affiliated themselves with investment banks again. In the last couple of weeks, we have seen some mega-mergers (B of A acquiring Merrill Lynch, JPMorgan Chase acquiring Bear Stearns, and now there is talk of Wachovia merging with Morgan Stanley). Indeed, were it not for these mergers, in which the banks (with some aid from the Fed) effectively bailed out the more troubled investment banks, the financial sector of the economy would probably be hit much, much harder. Ironically, the result of these mega-mergers is to partly undo what the New Deal banking regulations sought to accomplish, namely, separating savings accounts from the broker-dealers. The banks themselves will no doubt remain separate entities, and will continue to be heavily regulated. One wonders, however, whether the next crisis will be a failure of regulators to prevent the Wall Street wheeler-dealers from investing Grandma's retirement savings in complicated Russian debt swaps.
Turning back to the topic at hand, I haven't heard either presidential candidate demonstrate even a rudimentary understanding of these issues. Obama says he wants regulations, but what does that mean? McCain's suggestion that the problem is solely the result of "greed" is overly simplistic and seems to be an indictment of the fundamental tenet of capitalism, which PRESUMES profit maximizing behavior. Yet, he may be on to something, as executives who get $100+ million bonuses or stock gains based on performance over a one- or two-year span may not be properly incentivized to maximize the long-term profitability of the firm. (To quote Keynes, "In the long run, we're all dead.") Obama ridicules McCain, who at least admits he doesn't understand this stuff, for his proposal to get a bunch of sophisticated people to study the underlying causes and problems and recommend a regulatory structure. This does have a whiff of letting the fox guard the henhouse, but maybe it's not a bad idea. I think that the financial guys are going to understand where they went wrong better than the junior Senator from Illinois. Apart from generally understanding that these banks invested too heavily in bad loans, I have not heard any explanation as to exactly why and how the market failed to avoid this problem or what could have been done to prevent it. Anybody with a mutual fund knows that diversifying your portfolio is important, but even with diverse investments, the Wall Street firms didn't realize that they were so overextended in these risky mortgage investments that, if the bottom dropped out, they'd go bankrupt. [EDIT: If they did realize this, and took the risk anyway, then why the fuck is the government bailing them out?] If they couldn't figure it out, I'm not sure a bureaucrat could have figured it out.