'paschendale'
War is something that humans have had since the first two men looked at each other and one decided the other had a nicer stick. The basic premise of war is to get that which you don't have. In ancient times, however, we see the first evolution of war into something beyond basic power struggles.
The best example of this is someone we all know very well: Alexander III of Macedon, whom men called the Great. The Persian Empire was at the time the preeminent power in the world, and had already launched three invasions of Greece. The first and second under Darius, the third (and most successful) under Xerxes. The first was destroyed by a storm, the second by the Athenians at Marathon, and the third was defeated first by the Athenians at Salamis and then the Spartans at Platea.
The point is, there is a long history of hatred between the Greeks and the Persians. Although you have other empires who despised each other, you rarely see one man make his personal life goal the destruction of an empire. At least, rarely up until that time.
As we all know (for those of you who don't, get Somewhere in Time!) Alexander destroyed the Persian Empire. Then the traditional power offensive began when he attacked India. His troops were tired after years of fighting and were no longer fighting the traditional enemy. They went home.
War for revenge is different than war for mere power. War for power ends when one side has gained all the advantage their expenditure is worth. War for revenge ends usually in the destruction of one side.
A second example. The Punic Wars. Carthage was defeated in the power struggle, the first. Their war of revenge, the second, was eventually defeated by Scipio Africanus at Zama. Finally, Rome took her revenge for 20 years of devastation in Italia by Hannibal in the Third Punic War, where Carthage was snuffed out.
Oliver Cromwell. I just thought I'd mention him 'cause I like him.
Damnit. Class...will post more on my return!
(I wonder how many posts I can drag this out to...)