Great post World War II writers

Forostar

Ancient Mariner
To all of you, please don't forget to check the question at the bottom of this post. I'm curious. :)

The following (compiled by me from various sources) is about Harry Mulisch.

Yesterday it came in the news that Harry Mulish (1927-2010) died. Mulish was the last of the "Great Three" authors from the Netherlands, together with W.F. Hermans (1921-1995) and Gerard Reve (1923-2006).

Most famous works
Famous books are De Aanslag (The Assault) (1982: translated in more than 30 languages) and De ontdekking van de Hemel (The Discovery of Heaven) (1992). The latter describes the intense friendship between two men and the mystical journey of another to return to Heaven the stone tablets containing the Ten Commandments. In 2007 the Dutch chose this book as the best Dutch book of all times. The first deals with the consequences for the lone survivor of a Nazi retaliation on an innocent family after a collaborator named Fake Ploeg is found killed outside their home.

WWII
A frequent theme in his work is the Second World War. His father had worked for the Germans during the war and went to prison for three years afterwards. As the war spanned most of Mulisch's formative phase, it had a defining influence on his life and work. In 1963, he wrote a non-fiction work about the Eichmann case: Criminal Case 40/61.

Mulisch's father was from Austria-Hungary and emigrated to the Netherlands after the First World War. During the German occupation in World War II he worked for a German bank, which also dealt with confiscated Jewish assets. His mother, Alice Schwarz, was Jewish. Mulisch and his mother escaped transportation to a concentration camp thanks to Mulisch's father's collaboration with the Nazis. Due to the curious nature of his parents' positions, Mulisch claimed that he was the Second World War.

Translations
Some of his most popular translated books are The Assault (1982), The Discovery of Heaven (1992), The procedure (1998) and Siegfried (2000). In Germany his books are best-sellers, with runs of 250,000 copies. Maria Vlaar, of the Literature Fund, which finances and promotes translations of Dutch works, says German translations of Mulisch’s work need no subsidies. “In English he also has many readers but less so in other languages. Nonetheless, in many countries he is read passionately and beautifully edited”.

In addition to World War II and the Holocaust, his major themes include Greek and Roman mythology, the natural sciences, the 1960s student revolt, the Cold War and boys' adventure stories. Mulisch himself, however, cautioned that the theme of a book matters less than its form. Interviewed on the occasion of his 70th birthday, he said: “It doesn’t matter so much what a book is about as how it is written.”

Dissecting table
Writer Marcel Möring sees one overarching concern in Mulisch: “More importantly, what lies behind those themes, is an attempt to analyse the world by means of the story. Mulisch in a way is a literary lab technician. That’s what he really does in his books: he puts the world on the dissecting table of his desk, tries to take it apart and then puts it back together. That, to me, is the core of his work.”

Möring, moreover, emphasises the multi-facetted nature of Mulisch’s work: “It’s incredibly unpredictable: he explored so many styles. I find that fascinating. That’s what makes him unique among Dutch writers since World War II. He did everything and dared to tackle anything. It’s admirable, because that’s what a writer needs. A writer needs to risk failure.”

Nobel Prize
In Holland, Mulisch has often been seen as a potential candidate for the Nobel Literature Prize. Just as often, the suggestion was dismissed as unwarranted. Möring is angered by such condescension: “If you look at a list of those who won the prize, Mulisch wouldn’t be out of place. I at least wouldn’t find it strange or undeserved at all. Dario Fo won the prize, as did Orhan Pamuk, the man of a single beautiful book. I can easily think of several books of Mulisch that I frankly find better.”

“Outside Holland, Mulisch is unquestionably regarded as one of Europe’s great writers”, says Maria Vlaar of the Literature Fund. “In The New Yorker, The Discovery of Heaven was reviewed by John Updike, who compared him with Homer, James Joyce, Umberto Eco and Thomas Mann”.

Ms Vlaar often accompanied Mulisch during literary appearances abroad. “He used to be announced as the candidate for the Nobel prize—without the least irony. It’s rather remarkable to see he does have such prestige elsewhere.”

Casino
Mulisch himself seemed indifferent to winning the top award. “It’s a casino”, he said in 2009. “One can say: such and such is the best physicist or the best economist. But the best writer? Such a thing doesn’t exist. For you it’s this writer, whereas for me or others it’s somebody else.”

I admit that I haven't read much yet of these so called greatest writers. I do know one film (the beforementioned De Aanslag which was pretty exciting), based on Mulisch' book and I have read one book by W.F. Hermans:
De donkere kamer van Damokles/The Darkroom of Damocles.


 
Question: Which post-WWII authors are considered as the greatest in your country? Which themes were in their work? Should other writers deserve at least as much praise in your opinion? Do you have a favourite book of one of these authors?

@Perun: Is Joachim Fest one of the Great post WWII authors of Germany?
 
Among the most highly reputed  post-WWII American authors are Toni Morrison, Philip Roth, Kurt Vonnegut, Cormac McCarthy, Thomas Pynchon, Dom DeLillo, Flannery O'Connor, Saul Bellow, John Updike and Vladimir Nabokov (who was born in Russia but wrote Lolita while living in America).  I'm probably forgetting a few others, but those are some of the "big" names.  

No time to describe all the themes they cover in any detail, but [gross over-simplification alert!] here goes:

Morrison tends to write about race -- read Beloved

Roth tends to write about sex -- read Sabbath's Theater or American Pastoral

Vonnegut tends to write black comedy and satire -- read Slaughterhouse-Five or Breakfast of Champions

McCarthy and O'Connor (two of my favorites) tend to write about man's evil to other men and have been described as "Southern gothic" -- read Blood Meridian, Suttree and The Road by McCarthy; read A Good Man Is Hard To Find by O'Connor

Pynchon writes about damn near everything and anything -- read Gravity's Rainbow

Bellow tends to write about human foibles -- read Herzog

Updike and DeLillo tend to write about American culture -- read the Rabbit Angstrom novels by Updike and Underworld by DeLillo.  
 
Speaking of Russians, how about Aleksander Solzhenitsyn? Both A Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich and The Gulag Archipelago are two of the best books I've ever read.
 
Forostar said:
@Perun: Is Joachim Fest one of the Great post WWII authors of Germany?

He is considered the greatest post-WWII historian in Germany. Anybody who comes to my place will immediately see his book in my shelf - the big black book that says "Hitler". Stylistically, he has not struck me in particular, but his merits in historical studies are outstanding.

I will come to answer the other question asap.
 
cornfedhick said:
Vonnegut tends to write black comedy and satire -- read Slaughterhouse-Five or Breakfast of Champions

Slaughterhouse-Five is brilliant, and should definitely be the first Vonnegut novel you read. It's both his funniest and most serious book, and contains all his trademarks. If you don't like it, you probably won't like his other stuff either.

I'd rank The Sirens of Titan and Galapagos as his second best novels. The former is somewhat similar in style to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy - basically surreal science fiction comedy with a plot that's all over the place but somehow fits together very neatly in the end (as is common with Vonnegut). The latter is a very dark comedy about future human evolution and how all our troubles could be solved if only we didn't have these large brains...
 
Speaking of Hitchhiker's Guide, I imagine we should be tossing in a few of the great science fiction writers - Adams, Dick, Clarke, etc.
 
Philip K. Dick is a very interesting writer. He has written one book directly related to WWII; The Man in the High Castle, which takes place in an alternate universe where the Axis won the war and the USA is under Japanese control. It's one of his most famous works, but it's been a very long time since I read it so I'll reserve judgment.

From Dick's prolific but uneven output, I'd highlight Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? - which was the basis for Blade Runner (although Dick's story is very different) - Ubik - a murder mystery aptly described by Time magazine as a nightmare you'll never be sure you've woken up from - and A Scanner Darkly, which is about Dick's experiences with drug culture, thinly disguised as science fiction.
 
Nice contributions guys, it's interesting which are (according to you) the big names in your countries. I am not an expert on literature (I am better in cinema and music) and I must confess I have only heard of Vonnegut, Solzhenitsyn and Nabokov.

I never imagined that a sci-fi author is seen as one of the greatest post WWII authors.
 
Forostar said:
Question: Which post-WWII authors are considered as the greatest in your country? Which themes were in their work? Should other writers deserve at least as much praise in your opinion? Do you have a favourite book of one of these authors?

To answer these questions, I have to delve a bit into the historical background. During and after the nazi era, German intellectuals were in a rather ambiguous situation. Most of them did not collaborate with the nazis, and it was more or less a token of pride for an author to have had his books burned by the nazis in 1933. However, there was a major division in the intellectual scene, and I'm not talking about the east/west thing. Right when the war had ended, a fight broke out between those who had fled Germany from the nazis, like Thomas and Heinrich Mann, Bertold Brecht and others, and those who opted to stay in the country in their "inner emigration", the most famous example of which is probably Erich Kästner (although I'm not sure if he participated in this controversy). In the eyes of those who stayed, those who emigrated were cowards who had lost their right to comment on Germany and the crimes of the nazis; in the eyes of those who emigrated, the ones who stayed secretly collaborated by the nazis because of their perceived lack of resistance.
Immediately after the war, a new literary genre briefly came into existence, which is known as rubble literature, i.e. literature about the aftermath of the war. It deals with people's struggle for survival in the early post-war years, with homecomers from the war and all that. It is not yet a detailed reflection of the country's nazi past, it is just a literary expression of the shock people had when they saw what the war had done to them. It is often very poignant writing, but also very simplistic. Certainly the most famous and prolific author of this genre was Wolfgang Borchert (1921-1947) who was ailing from the effects of his time in a Gestapo prison. His most famous work, and beyond a shade of doubt one of the most famous works of post-war German writing, is his drama, Draußen vor der Tür (Outside, in front of the door) about a war veteran and his thoughts and feelings when he came to his destroyed home. He is, however, also famous for his many short stories and poems, which he was reported to have written in a race with death. I guess that is why he became the face of rubble literature, because most ofl the other authors who became associated with that genre later went on to write "normal" literature again, but Borchert couldn't.

So, with this background, you have to consider that post-war literature in Germany was preoccupied with the Third Reich and the war. Politically, the German intellectuals were rather leftist, and they played an invaluable part in Vergangenheitsbewältigung and the inner democratisation of society. By far the most famous of these people is Günther Grass, who is probably regarded as the greatest post-war author in Germany. He got the Nobel Prize in 1999, mostly for his famous work, Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum), which deals with the rise of the nazis in his home town of Danzig. If there is a German equivalent to the "Great American Novel", then for post-war Germany, it would be Die Blechtrommel, easily the most famous and recognisable single book written in this era... much like Thomas Mann's Budenbrooks for pre-war Germany. Grass is one of the most recognisable characters in the German media scene, with his dense, brown moustache, his glasses and his pipe; for a long time he was the voice of morale in Germany, demanding from those who lived in the Third Reich to be honest about what they had done then and there. He himself however only admitted in 2006 that he had joined the Waffen-SS in 1944.
Speaking of morality, the next titan of German literature, Martin Walser, sparked a major controversy in 1999 when he spoke about an "instrumentalisation of the Holocaust" and the use of Auschwitz as the "morale club". He intended to say that the Holocaust is too big and too important and unique of an event to abuse it for every single time when talking about ethics, but he got misinterpreted by the bulk of his listeners and many thought him to join right-winged revisionists with this statement. With this background, I have always backed away from what he wrote, but I am going to try to find the time to get back to it.
Bigger than Walser, though not bigger than Grass, is Heinrich Böll, but again I have to admit I haven't read any of his books. The same goes for the Nobel laureate of 2009, Herta Müller (whose work deals more with her past in Romania, though). There are other post-war nobel laureates in Germany, but I think the ones I mentioned are perhaps the most important German authors. Maybe I should include Arno Schmidt (who wanted to create the "new novel" in the 1960s) and Alfred Andersch (one of the leading lights of the left-winged political scene in Germany) in this list.
 
Forostar said:
I never imagined that a sci-fi author is seen as one of the greatest post WWII authors.

Well, when you consider that 2001: A Space Odyssey was one of the most influential films of all time, and led in many ways straight to the biggest film ever in influence, Star Wars, then yes, guys like Clarke must get mentioned. Sci-fi is a fairly new genre, and as a result, the greatest writers in the genre are newer writers. Just how it is.

Two more who I think need to be considered are William Golding (Lord of the Flies), and Margaret Atwood (A Handmaid's Tale). While I despise Atwood personally, there's no doubt she's one of the greats, a very influential writer.
 
LooseCannon said:
Well, when you consider that 2001: A Space Odyssey was one of the most influential films of all time, and led in many ways straight to the biggest film ever in influence, Star Wars, then yes, guys like Clarke must get mentioned.

I might get stoned for this, but I don't consider 2001 a Science Fiction film that much, but a philosophic one. Not to mention that in my eyes, it is an aesthetic and philosophic masterpiece, and one of the greatest films of all time (if not, artistically speaking, the greatest).
 
A succesful film doesn't mean that its inspiration should have the same level. I think that many great films were made out of less succesful (or even invisible) works. Can't judge Clarke's book myself, I haven't read it, but I believe you instantly if you say that it was a classic as well. The film is indeed not a typical Sci-Fi one, which has to do with the story but also with the genius called Kubrick.

Perun, thanks for that piece on German authors. I like these comparisons.
 
Forostar said:
A succesful film doesn't mean that its inspiration should have the same level. I think that many great films were made out of less succesful (or even invisible) works.

In the case of 2001, the book and the screenplay were developed simultaneously. In fact, I believe the film came out a few months before the book.

Anyway, even though 2001 is very philosophical in its nature, it's still a science fiction story, and I don't see why the label should be shunned. It's like when people praise Brave New World as a literary masterpiece (which it is) and then go on to dismiss SF as juvenile pulp fiction...
 
Shadow said:
In the case of 2001, the book and the screenplay were developed simultaneously. In fact, I believe the film came out a few months before the book.

Which to me shows that the book had its success because of the film and thus it is not exactly the best example of a great sci-fi novel "on its own".
 
Except it is. There's nothing wrong with writing a book in conjunction with a film, and having two extremely successful writings. 2001 the BOOK is a big an influence as 2001 the MOVIE.

The movie is more about how Kubrick saw things, but the book is where Clarke shines. It is an incredible novella.

I'm sorry, Foro, you asked for my opinion of who a great writer is, and Arthur C. Clarke is going to be in the top 10, anytime, anywhere.
 
LooseCannon said:
I'm sorry, Foro, you asked for my opinion of who a great writer is, and Arthur C. Clarke is going to be in the top 10, anytime, anywhere.

Without a doubt. I think I expressed myself in a wrong way. The book surely stands excellent on its own, has its own qualities and deserves to be read and praised.

I only realize why I think his book became a success. It got a lot of attention because of the film. It surely must have helped.

Didn't mean to criticize your choice of best writer, sorry if I offended you by my posts.
 
I don't think the film hurt its chances on that one at all, mate. However, the book and movie have taken different paths since release; people read the novel to read Clarke and watch the movie to watch Kubrick. If that makes sense.
 
Speaking of Clarke, read Rendezvous with Rama. An excellent novel (much better than 2001, in my opinion), and one that could also become a stunning film in the hands of the right director.
 
What time period are we talking about? Post WWII basically includes present day, (didn't Vonnegut write well until his death?) I'm guessing mainly writers that reached their peak in the 60's 70s? (from what people have posted). If that's the case you can include Latin American authors from the Latin American Boom of the 1950s which include The novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez of 100 years of Solitude fame though my favorite is El Naufrago (Castaway), the poet Octavio Paz and author Carlos Fuentes. There are countless others, but those are definitely the "big three" of the movement.
 
Interesting and logical at the same time is that some people don't tend to care about the country. For them it's more about the language.

Still I am interested if Onhell could/would mention a Mexican, Loose Cannon a Canadian, and Shadow a Swede?
 
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